Politics of Drugs – Issues, Strategies and Solutions - Executive Summary

Politics of Drugs – Issues, Strategies and Solutions

Executive Summary

The history of transnational crime started from the Islamic era when the religious conversion was a State policy through religious tax and forced by destroying the local belief system in the process of expansion of Political arena.  Gradually it was further established into the economy during the colonial era, which is evident in two Opium Wars where trade was manipulated through the economy of drugs and falsification of International Law through Treaty of Nanky.  The invasion on Economy through manipulative diplomacy and weapon without any political accountability paved the way for International Crime by European imperialism.

The relevance of drugs in the democratic sector has a crucial role in manipulating the population for the political process since the toxic of drugs make the population surrender their reasoning capacity and become a tool that facilitate the illicit economy and generate funds for the democratic process.

Illicit economy is fulfilling the vacuum that is created by the licit economy in the post-Cold-War era.  The Global Policies such as Structural Adjustment Programme which makes the shrink of State control though created huge enterprising opportunities, but the absences of governance turned a huge financial frauds and economic crimes in tune of Liberalization. Further Comparative Trade invaded the local economy in the era of Globalization which further created a huge population of unskilled labour.

The explosion of unskilled population in the wake of Technological era became a hand tool of the illicit economy and trafficked to the land of destination towards forced labour in the hazardous industries, sexual slavery, drugs trafficking and also became an army towards contract killing whether cross border or internal security.  The peripheries of the trafficking crimes become victim organ smuggling, beggar rackets and involvement of children on shop-lifting, other street crimes, etc. 

Though there are enough scope of Men, Women and Children in the illicit economy, but the major victims of these human trafficking are Women and Children.  Children are nurtured in every crime and by the time they become adult they are well equipped in the Trade.  Women are the multi-facet that not only facilitate the sex-trade, but also promote the drugs market and other periphery activities.

These trafficked populations or the unskilled population is further organized by the Scheme of Unique Identification Number (UID) sponsored by the Government through private players and keeping a biometric data of those populations that can be further availed and kept a track for the trafficking for the illicit economy.

Democracy and Drugs are interconnected.  Drugs remained a tool to manipulate power historically and it was more used to toxic the army and towards inheritance process of the Crown or the family legacy.  It is similar in the democratic processes which help to acquire Political Power, hence toxic to the population that would not only be a tool towards vote mobilization, but also work towards violent protests or the proxy war in tune of terrorism under the theory of Minority against Majority in the name of the democratic process.

The licit and illicit migration both have the impact in the social-economy and political set-up in the land of destination.  Though licit migration deprive the virtue development process whereas, illicit migration brings an unskilled population which further become a liability of the State-system in wake of security, food, health, education, employment and cultural misalliance. 

The legacy of the strategies taken in the wake of the global policies such as Comparative Trade to avail the trade benefits to facilitate the imperialistic agenda of the Western nations through the smuggling of opium and the invading the Canton system to infiltrate the Chinese market which was based on indigenous consumption.  Further the comparative trade was more vigilant in the colonies like India where Indigo and opium became the prime cultivation that benefited the British economy at the cost of the fertility of land or traditional economy.   Comparative Trade always destroyed the local economy to facilitate the economy of the powerful nations. 

The modification in the Canton system was replaced by the Special Economic Zone which became alienated from the National jurisdiction and Tax laws.  The capturing of the Lands by manipulating and deception from the farmers and getting the benefits of all resources whether human resources, power, water, infrastructure on low cost further deprives the local population.  The rise of real estate in tune of urban development to facilitate the migration population for the SEZ requirement pave enough space for the illicit economy through pub culture that promoted drugs, prostitution, crimes and forced labour for the periphery economies of contractual basis alienating from Labour laws.

The Role of Semi-periphery in the Dependence Theory has created these nations as a middleman between Core and Periphery nations.  All the semi-periphery nations are in the coastal land and act as a transit nations for all the licit as well as illicit economy.  The trafficked population move to transit nations by road and then they are smuggled by sea route.  The same strategies are used for trafficking of drugs, counterfeit products and arms.  Transit nations are used for inflow and outflow of the illicit economy.

The channel of illicit economy to convert to licit economy has three phases, i.e. through real estate, entertainment industry and share trading.  The rise of Corporatism have organized these channel and brought into its legitimacy.  These corporate are further controlling the political area through donations in tune of corporate social responsibilities to NGOs and party fund and money laundering.  International sports also play a significant role in tune of extortion from the corporate through branding and sponsorship and seizes the State Treasure.  The benefits of these events reach to the Global players at the cost of State expenses and local industries.   The fabric of celebrities is also used for extortion and becomes channel for money laundering.  Extortion is also claimed through the micro economy, which is distributed as area of Municipal, District, State and National and further Global.  All the illicit economy such as adulteration, fake licenses and ration cards and market, etc. are based on leased and allocation basis.

A multi-lateral strategy to be implementing towards the combating mechanism of the transnational crimes is by strengthening the dejure regime and invading the defacto regime.  This can further be organized through the World Governance which will be based on global tax system and arbitration mechanism, i.e. rule of law that protects sovereign of state, cultural rights and trade relations based on trade ethics.

The political process under the umbrella of Political Party is the biggest challenge towards strengthening the dejure regime.  The fund generates from the illicit economy and the populations involved are the political worker irrespective of any political party or ideology and these illicit activities are not limited to crimes, frauds, adulteration, but also invading to the licit economy through corruption and manipulations.  The fund generates through illicit means, i.e. crimes and corruption are further circulated towards money laundering, which is an indigenous activity operated by the Political workers in a democratic system.

The governance system based on Guilds and Association through Structural governance that will block the path of invasion of the illicit activities and make the system in a democratic in real term since there will be a direct involvement of the people in the policy making.  The micro governance through family system and social administration will check the community being victimized by the toxic, prostitution and abduction of children.  The skill development process bringing the youth from the adolescent age will further protect them to get victimized into the illicit activities which they normal get trapped since they get alienated from the global education system.

The solutions of the organized crimes are not limited to Criminal Justice System, but there is a need for rehabilitation and social acceptance.  Hence, Laws are not sufficient, but implementation and rehabilitation process are also crucial towards combating Organized Crimes which cannot limit to the discipline of Criminology but to be studied within the perspective of Political Science.